What two components are included in emergent literacy?

The components of emergent literacy primarily focus on the foundational skills necessary for reading and writing. Choosing reading and writing addresses the essential elements that contribute to a child's ability to understand and produce text.

Reading involves recognizing letters, understanding that print carries meaning, and developing vocabulary—all critical for literacy development. Writing encompasses the skills needed to form letters, sound out words, and express thoughts through text. Together, these components provide a comprehensive foundation for literacy, enabling children to progress to more complex reading and writing tasks as they grow.

The other options include elements that are important in overall communication and development but do not specifically align with the core focus of emergent literacy. For instance, while listening and speaking are vital for language development, they are considered more foundational language skills rather than emergent literacy in the context of reading and writing.